Post-traumatic stress disorder can happen to anybody. Sometimes people that struggle with the stress disorder struggle to identify if they have it. Whether they see the signs in themselves or someone they love, they cannot correctly diagnose the issue. Many people recognize the trauma, but they are not certain that it is PTSD. This is because they do not know what symptoms they are looking for.
Turning to the DSM for Answers
If you’ve heard anything about mental health diagnoses, you’ve probably heard of the DSM. The DSM is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (no wonder we abbreviate it). It’s in its fifth edition, so you may also see it referred to as the DSM-5 or DSM-V. This manual is published by the American Psychiatric Association (ASA). It outlines the criteria for classifying mental health issues like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and many, many others. It’s regularly updated to reflect changing research and knowledge regarding mental health and treatment.
The DSM is the go-to source for clinicians, researchers, regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, and even policymakers needing diagnostic criteria. The DSM is relevant to the general population as well because it sets the guidelines for diagnosing what is and what isn’t a mental health disorder. It helps us better understand what exactly we are experiencing, what a loved one is experiencing, and what we can do to make things better. The DSM plays a key role in helping us understand and treat PTSD.
PTSD Facts with the DSM
No, you don’t have to read the entire DSM to better understand PTSD or the symptoms you’re experiencing. It’s a professional resource, so while valuable, it can be dense and clinical. You’ll get the best, most accurate diagnosis by talking with medical and mental health professionals. But in the meantime, you can use information from the DSM to begin to explore your mental health.
Symptoms of PTSD
No list of symptoms is set in stone. As MedlinePlus explains,
“PTSD starts at different times for different people. Signs of PTSD may start soon after a frightening event and then continue. Other people develop new or more severe signs months or even years later. PTSD can happen to anyone, even children.”1
People will experience different symptoms at different times. These symptoms will come and go, will change, will be personal. However, the DSM can give an outline and sample symptoms that give you a better understanding of your thoughts, behaviors, and experiences.
The DSM criteria for PTSD include the following:
- The subject experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others
- The subject’s experience involved extreme fear, helplessness, or horror
The traumatic experience is persistently re-experienced or re-lived in one or more of the following:
- Repeated and intrusive distressing recollections of the trauma, including thoughts, perceptions, and images
- Persistent distressing dreams or nightmares of the traumatic event
- Reliving or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring, i.e. having flashbacks, illusions, hallucinations, dissociative flashbacks episodes and a sense of reliving the experience
- Experiencing intense psychological distress to internal or external triggers that resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
- Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external triggers that resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
Recurring avoidance of things associated with the trauma and numbing and detachment, identified by three or more of the following:
- The conscious effort to avoid thoughts, feelings, and conversations associated with the trauma
- The conscious effort to avoid activities, places, or people that provoke memories of the trauma
- Blocking out or the inability to remember important aspects of the trauma
- Noticeably showing diminished interest or participation in activities
- Feeling detached from others
- Restricted range of affect (lacking the ability to have emotional connections or intimate relationships)
- Hopeless about a future (feeling like a career, marriage, or other long-term life plans are unattainable)
Recurring symptoms of arousal (not present before the trauma) exemplified by two or more of the following:
- Difficulty falling or staying asleep
- Irritability, trouble controlling anger, angry outbursts
- Trouble concentration
- Hypervigilance
Exaggerated startle response (seeming on-guard)
The symptoms of reliving, avoidance, and hyper-arousal must persist for more than 1 month.
The symptoms will clinically cause significant interference, distress, or impairment to one’s social, occupational, or other areas of one’s life.
Remember that these are professional, clinical guidelines. Get the best understanding of your symptoms and your treatment options by reaching out to mental health care providers such as Old Vineyard.
Professional Diagnosis and Treatment for PTSD
If you are concerned that you or a family member may have PTSD or another mental illness, you do not have to slog through lists of symptoms alone. Be proactive with your health and ease your worries by talking with a professional about what’s going on. Learn more about PTSD and find diagnostic and PTSD treatment for all mental health disorders by calling our toll-free helpline. We offer no cost and confidential initial assessments and are here 24 hours a day to assist you with your questions, concerns, and needed information. We are the experts in mental health and can help you find the treatment that’s right for your unique recovery needs.
By Alanna Hilbink
Sources:
1 “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.” MedlinePlus. 30 Nov. 2018.
2 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5). American Psychological Association. 18 May 2013.